Title: Pregnancy and childbirth (1) |
Prerequisite: Basic sciences (anatomy and physiology) |
Duration: 51 hours |
Type of Course: Theory |
Target group: Midwifery students (BSc) |
Setting: School of nursing and midwifery |
Professors: Farzaneh Jafarnejad (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.) and Zahra Abedian (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.) |
General Goal:
Acquiring knowledge and skills in physiology of reproduction, pregnancy, diagnosis and cares during pregnancy and fetal development and growth
Learning Behavioral Goals (Part I):
At the end of the program, students must be able to:
1- Comprehensively be familiarized with pregnancy, childbirth, and midwifery, and discuss the goals of midwifery science, and the role and tasks of midwives.
2- Define critical statistics suggested by national center for health statistics (NCHS) and centers for disease control and prevention (CDC).
3- Name internal and external reproduction organs and explain their main functions.
4- Describe the formation, discrimination and determining factors in gonads discrimination.
5- Express the developmental stages of initial follicle in fetal period, after birth and in puberty.
6- Elaborate on initial changes of follicle in each ovarian cycle, events of follicular phase, ovulation and luteal.
7- Explain performances of estrogen and progesterone in adjusting the hormones of endometria.
8- Name the main phases of endometria cycle and analyze chains of events in each phase.
9- Elaborate on clinical complications of menstruation.
10- Analyze vaginal and cervical cycles.
11- Name various types of ovarian hormone secretion, and elaborate on biosynthesis, metabolism, transfusion, and their disposal.
12- Analyze the effects of ovarian hormone secretion on human body.
13- Explain gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and controlling factors for its pulses.
14- Express the major brain centers of reproductive system and brain function in ovulation.
15- Express actibin, inhibin, and semi-insulin development factors in adjusting menstruation cycle.
16- Explain the events of the first, second, and third weeks of placenta and fetal development.
17- Describe sperm transfusion and its empowering process.
18- Explain placenta structure, and analyze placenta blood circulation.
19- Explain biosynthesis of steroid hormones and maternal and fetal effective factors for synthesis of steroid in placenta.
20- Express chemical characteristics, biosynthesis, the location of synthesis, and metabolic activities of protein hormones of placenta.
21- Explain the role, performance, and physiology of fetal adrenalin in steroid genes.
22- Analyze changes of different fetal systems, time sequences, liver developments, and roles of surfactants in development.
23- Explain the method of determining sex at birth (gender of gonad, chromosomes and phenotypes) in the fetus.
Learning Behavioral Goals (Part II):
24- Explain the physiologic changes of maternal systematic and reproductive organs during pregnancy (ovary, uterus, uterine tubes, cervix, vagina, breast, skin, metabolic, blood, cardiovascular, respiratory, urinate, digestive, endocrine, musculoskeletal, eyes, and mental systems).
25- Explain pregnancy detection with regard to pregnancy signs and laboratory detection methods.
26- Demonstrate false and true pelvis, pelvic plates and pelvimetry, types of pelvis, clinical assessment of pelvic plates including pelvic inlet, midpelvis, and pelvic outlet, para clinical methods of pelvic assessments on moulage.
27- Demonstrate different types of fetal position, presentation, and status with moulage and pictures based on abdominal and vaginal examinations.
28- Express the methods of determining the gestational age.
29- Explain admission, filing process and necessary assessments at the first and following visits.
30- Explain health during pregnancy (exercising, bathing, traveling, occupation, intercourse, defecation, care of breast, abdomen, teeth, immunization, smoke, caffeine, and medications).
31- Elaborate on common pregnancy problems (e.g., nausea, vomiting, leg cramps, varix, hemorrhoid, excessive salivation, leucorrhea, headaches and tiredness, and heartburn) and their treatments.
32- Explain proper nutrition in proportion to maternal needs during pregnancy and assessment methods of maternal nutrition.
33- Define high-risk and risky pregnancy and elaborate on methods to recognize high-risk pregnancies.
34- Elaborate on risk factors of pregnancy.
Content and Its Order of Presentation: (Part I)
Date |
Subject |
Professor |
1st Session |
Comprehensive vision in pregnancy and labor |
Abedian |
2nd Session |
Review of genital system anatomy |
Abedian |
3rd Session |
Physiology of reproduction, and development and growth of ovaries |
Abedian |
4th Session |
Ovarian cycle |
Abedian |
5th Session |
Ovarian cycle (ovulation symptoms and signs) |
Abedian |
6th session |
Endometria cycle |
Abedian |
7th Session |
Cervical and vaginal cycles |
Abedian |
8th Session |
Mid-term exam (ovarian hormones) |
Abedian |
9th Session |
Application of ovarian hormones |
Abedian |
10th Session |
Function of human phenotype ontology (HPO) axis |
Abedian |
11th Session |
Regulation of menstrual cycle |
Abedian |
12th Session |
Placenta and fetal membrane growth and development |
Abedian |
13th Session |
Placenta hormones |
Abedian |
14th Session |
Fetal growth and development |
Abedian |
Content and Its Order of Presentation (Part II):
Date |
Subject |
Professor |
1st Session |
Introduction to goals- generalities of physiological changes during pregnancy, changes in uterine tube |
Jafarnejad |
2nd Session |
Ovarian, cervical, vaginal, eye, breast, skin, musculoskeletal changes |
Jafarnejad |
3rd Session |
Cardiovascular, respiratory, and metabolic changes |
Jafarnejad |
4th Session |
Renal and urinary, digestive, endocrine, and mental changes |
Jafarnejad |
5th session |
Pregnancy detection, differential and laboratory diagnosis |
Jafarnejad |
6th Session |
True pelvis, pelvimetry, clinical examination |
Jafarnejad |
7th Session |
Position, presentation, and status of fetus |
Jafarnejad |
8th Session |
Admission and filing, first prenatal visit, definition of terms |
Jafarnejad |
9th Session |
Duration of pregnancy, Determining the gestational age, following prenatal visits |
Jafarnejad |
10th Session |
Leopold maneuvers |
Jafarnejad |
11th Session |
Nutrition during pregnancy |
Jafarnejad |
12th Session |
Health in pregnancy |
Jafarnejad |
13th Session |
Common problems during pregnancy |
Jafarnejad |
14th Session |
Identification of risk factors during pregnancy |
Jafarnejad |
Teaching Methods:
In line with the mentioned behavioral goals, teaching methods include programmed lecture, role-playing, question and answer and simulated patient.
Responsibilities of Students:
Active participation in:
· Question-answer
· Discussion
· Presentation of work unit
Assessments of Students:
20% Developmental assessment
10% Active and regular presence in class
20% Oral mid-term exam, directly observed procedural skills (DOPS) of students
50% Final exam as multiple choice questions (MCQ)
References:
1. Berek js. “Berek & Novak's Gynecology” .14th Ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2007
2. Speroffl, Gla RH, Kase NG. “Clinical Gynecologic Endocrinology and Infertility’’ .14th Ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2007
3. Gary cunningham, Kenneth J, leveno StevenL Bloom et al. “Williams Obstetrics”. Volume 1&2, 23rd Ed., 2010