Department of Midwifery

Pregnancy and childbirth (1)

Title: Pregnancy and childbirth (1)

Prerequisite: Basic sciences (anatomy and physiology)

Duration: 51 hours

Type of Course: Theory

Target group: Midwifery students (BSc)

Setting: School of nursing and midwifery

Professors: Farzaneh Jafarnejad (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.) and Zahra Abedian (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

 

General Goal:

Acquiring knowledge and skills in physiology of reproduction, pregnancy, diagnosis and cares during pregnancy and fetal development and growth

Learning Behavioral Goals (Part I):

At the end of the program, students must be able to:

1-       Comprehensively be familiarized with pregnancy, childbirth, and midwifery, and discuss the goals of midwifery science, and the role and tasks of midwives.

2-       Define critical statistics suggested by national center for health statistics (NCHS) and centers for disease control and prevention (CDC).

3-       Name internal and external reproduction organs and explain their main functions.

4-        Describe the formation, discrimination and determining factors in gonads discrimination.

5-       Express the developmental stages of initial follicle in fetal period, after birth and in puberty.

6-        Elaborate on initial changes of follicle in each ovarian cycle, events of follicular phase, ovulation and luteal.

7-       Explain performances of estrogen and progesterone in adjusting the hormones of endometria.

8-       Name the main phases of endometria cycle and analyze chains of events in each phase.

9-        Elaborate on clinical complications of menstruation.

10-   Analyze vaginal and cervical cycles.

11-   Name various types of ovarian hormone secretion, and elaborate on biosynthesis, metabolism, transfusion, and their disposal.

12-   Analyze the effects of ovarian hormone secretion on human body.

13-   Explain gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and controlling factors for its pulses.

14-   Express the major brain centers of reproductive system and brain function in ovulation.

15-   Express actibin, inhibin, and semi-insulin development factors in adjusting menstruation cycle.

16-   Explain the events of the first, second, and third weeks of placenta and fetal development.

17-   Describe sperm transfusion and its empowering process.

18-   Explain placenta structure, and analyze placenta blood circulation.

19-   Explain biosynthesis of steroid hormones and maternal and fetal effective factors for synthesis of steroid in placenta.

20-   Express chemical characteristics, biosynthesis, the location of synthesis, and metabolic activities of protein hormones of placenta.

21-   Explain the role, performance, and physiology of fetal adrenalin in steroid genes.

22-   Analyze changes of different fetal systems, time sequences, liver developments, and roles of surfactants in development.

23-   Explain the method of determining sex at birth (gender of gonad, chromosomes and phenotypes) in the fetus.

Learning Behavioral Goals (Part II):

24-   Explain the physiologic changes of maternal systematic and reproductive organs during pregnancy (ovary, uterus, uterine tubes, cervix, vagina, breast, skin, metabolic, blood, cardiovascular, respiratory, urinate, digestive, endocrine, musculoskeletal, eyes, and mental systems).

25-   Explain pregnancy detection with regard to pregnancy signs and laboratory detection methods.

26-   Demonstrate false and true pelvis, pelvic plates and pelvimetry, types of pelvis, clinical assessment of pelvic plates including pelvic inlet, midpelvis, and pelvic outlet, para clinical methods of pelvic assessments on moulage.

27-   Demonstrate different types of fetal position, presentation, and status with moulage and pictures based on abdominal and vaginal examinations.

28-   Express the methods of determining the gestational age.

29-    Explain admission, filing process and necessary assessments at the first and following visits.

30-   Explain health during pregnancy (exercising, bathing, traveling, occupation, intercourse, defecation, care of breast, abdomen, teeth, immunization, smoke, caffeine, and medications).

31-   Elaborate on common pregnancy problems (e.g., nausea, vomiting, leg cramps, varix, hemorrhoid, excessive salivation, leucorrhea, headaches and tiredness, and heartburn) and their treatments.

32-   Explain proper nutrition in proportion to maternal needs during pregnancy and assessment methods of maternal nutrition.

33-   Define high-risk and risky pregnancy and elaborate on methods to recognize high-risk pregnancies.

34-   Elaborate on risk factors of pregnancy.

Content and Its Order of Presentation: (Part I)

Date

Subject

Professor

1st Session

Comprehensive vision in pregnancy and labor

Abedian

2nd Session

Review of genital system anatomy

Abedian

3rd Session

Physiology of reproduction, and development and growth of ovaries

Abedian

4th Session

Ovarian cycle

Abedian

5th Session

Ovarian cycle (ovulation symptoms and signs)

Abedian

6th session

Endometria cycle 

Abedian

7th Session

Cervical and vaginal cycles

Abedian

8th Session

Mid-term exam (ovarian hormones)

Abedian

9th Session

Application of ovarian hormones

Abedian

10th Session

Function of human phenotype ontology (HPO) axis

Abedian

11th Session

Regulation of menstrual cycle

Abedian

12th Session

Placenta and fetal membrane growth and development

Abedian

13th Session

Placenta hormones

Abedian

14th Session

Fetal growth and development

Abedian

 

Content and Its Order of Presentation (Part II):

Date

Subject

Professor

1st Session

Introduction to goals- generalities of physiological changes during pregnancy, changes  in uterine tube

Jafarnejad

2nd Session

Ovarian, cervical, vaginal, eye, breast, skin, musculoskeletal changes

Jafarnejad

3rd Session

Cardiovascular, respiratory, and metabolic changes

Jafarnejad

4th Session

Renal and urinary, digestive, endocrine, and mental changes

Jafarnejad

5th session

Pregnancy detection, differential and laboratory diagnosis

Jafarnejad

6th Session

True pelvis, pelvimetry, clinical examination

Jafarnejad

7th Session

Position, presentation, and status of fetus

Jafarnejad

8th Session

Admission and filing, first prenatal visit, definition of terms

Jafarnejad

9th Session

Duration of pregnancy, Determining the gestational age, following prenatal visits

Jafarnejad

10th Session

Leopold maneuvers

Jafarnejad

11th Session

Nutrition during pregnancy

Jafarnejad

12th Session

Health in pregnancy

Jafarnejad

13th Session

Common problems during pregnancy

Jafarnejad

14th Session

Identification of risk factors during pregnancy

Jafarnejad

 

Teaching Methods:

In line with the mentioned behavioral goals, teaching methods include programmed lecture, role-playing, question and answer and simulated patient.

Responsibilities of Students:

Active participation in:

·         Question-answer

·         Discussion

·         Presentation of work unit

Assessments of Students:

20% Developmental assessment

10% Active and regular presence in class

20% Oral mid-term exam, directly observed procedural skills (DOPS) of students

50% Final exam as multiple choice questions (MCQ)

References:

1. Berek js. “Berek & Novak's Gynecology” .14th Ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2007

2. Speroffl, Gla RH, Kase NG. “Clinical Gynecologic Endocrinology and Infertility’’ .14th Ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2007

3. Gary cunningham, Kenneth J, leveno StevenL Bloom et al. “Williams Obstetrics”. Volume 1&2, 23rd Ed., 2010